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Excavation support or earth retaining structures are required where excavation is deep and required slope cannot be provided. Types of exc...

Groundwater causes extreme geotechnical problems in excavations such as sand running for most of construction projects such as tunneling. S...

Previous article:  What is Grading of Soil? Common types of equipment used during the grading operations are as follows: 1. Bulldoze...

Since most building sites start out as raw land, the first step in site construction work usually involves the grading of the site. Grading...

Sand replacement test method is used to determine the field density or in-place density of earth embankments, road fills, sub-grade, sub-b...